The mystery of life is so complicated that one of the most intriguing topics involves DNA. In 1953, Watson and Crick first discovered the double helix structure and proved the existence of DNA. DNA is considered to be the foundation of the mystery of life. One tool that can be used to help study the tiny internal structure of DNA is 3D printing . Recently, researchers at the American Wende Institute, Brooklyn National Laboratory, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and Imperial College London published a paper detailing the mechanism of DNA self-replication. The paper describes that in order to perform a near-miracle self-replication, DNA must release highly important information in the gaps of the double helix. DNA releases information by "unmelting" and DNA recombination continues to protect this important information when replication is complete. What we don't fully understand is how these compressions and decompressions work. Such a "machine" that allows DNA to operate and survive is highly complex, involving hundreds or thousands of components working together, otherwise the entire process will collapse. The researchers believe that one of the components, Cdc6 (cell division cycle protein 6), is a key protein in the "melting/recombination" process. The question is: What method is used? This process has an important component, DNA helicase. DNA helicase is like a hook on top of a DNA strand that is responsible for opening or closing. Prior to this study, it was believed that the protein Cdc6 is a hook on the top of the DNA strand. To verify this, the researchers tried to inhibit Cdc6 and observe how the DNA chain stops working after Cdc6 is inhibited. If the Cdc6 protein is responsible for sticking the hook, then removing Cdc6 means that the DNA strand is blocked and unable to open. However, the researchers found that the double helix still continued to open the chain, but did not complete the replication activity. In short, in this long paper, Cdc6 appears to be an essential protein for initiating cellular DNA replication, and its primary function is to promote the formation of a "pre-replication complex" that initiates DNA replication. Dr. Christian Speck, head of the DNA replication team at the Royal University Clinical Science Center, explains their findings in a language that laymen can read: “Imagine you put a wrench on the engine or remove the tools you used to assemble. The engine will get stuck or stop working. So, the Cdc6 boost activity ensures that no wrenches affect the job and keep the line running smoothly. It can be said that Cdc6 is a high quality control protein." In view of the strong self-replication ability of mutant cells, the growth of mutant cells is a serious problem. Conventional cancer treatments focus on destroying these mutant cells. This treatment also destroys the DNA of healthy cells. If scientists can develop new methods, just by shutting down the DNA replication mechanism and preventing cancer cell replication, it will open up a new world for cancer treatment. Putting this idea of ​​preventing DNA replication to treat cancer into practice, in addition to understanding Cdc6, we need to know more about how each component constructs a DNA mechanism. In Speck's lab, the team can not only examine the fine structure of DNA with an electron microscope, but also print large images of the observed images in a 3D printer for research. Co-author Co-author, also a biologist at the State University of New York at Stony Brooks, explains how 3D printed DNA models can facilitate research: "The origin of the DNA unfolding mechanism is very amazingly complex and amazing. Observing the helicase preparation to surround DNA and unfolding DNA at the molecular level helps us understand the most basic processes of life and helps us understand how this process occasionally goes wrong." The researchers found through a 3D printed model that if they prevent Cdc6 from joining the DNA system, the system would clog, meaning that the DNA replication process would stop. 3D printing The ability to quickly generate data into a solid model of a 3D image through an electron microscope means that the researcher can observe the DNA model and make adjustments at any time with less cost and shorter waiting time.
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September 30, 2021