Table 1 Product Material Classification and Coding Disposable Biodegradable Bowls
Keywords: packaging characteristics; grouping; packaging requirements; system management
Packaging requirements are an important basis for product design and product acceptance. How to make packaging requirements scientific and reasonable has an important role in promoting the development of the entire packaging work. For this purpose, we are prepared to research and develop the "Product Packaging Requirements Intelligent Final System" (hereinafter referred to as the "System"). Its main purpose is to use computer-aided users to formulate comprehensive and scientific products during product demonstration, ordering, development and acceptance. And reasonable packaging requirements. Through the analysis of domestic and international packaging, to complete this system, we must first study in depth the factors that affect the packaging requirements. The packaging characteristics of products are one of the important reasons that affect the packaging requirements. In order to meet the requirements of packaging standardization, generalization, and software implementation, it is necessary to deeply study the grouping and coding of packaging characteristics from a macro perspective.
1 Classification of product packaging characteristics The packaging characteristics of a product refer to the product characteristics associated with the packaging. Product features include many aspects. From the perspective of influencing packaging requirements, at least the following 12 features need to be considered.
(1) State of matter: The state of matter is the state of existence of a product. It mainly affects the packaging container. If the product is liquid, it cannot be packed in a wooden box or a carton like a solid product, but a barrel or can is used.
(2) Shape: The appearance of the product mainly affects the structure, the fixed form, and the unit package quantity of the outer packaging container.
(3) Size and weight: The size and weight of the product mainly affect the type, form and grade of the packaging container as well as the stacking height during transportation and storage.
(4) Structure: The structure of the product mainly affects the fixation of the product in the transport packaging container.
(5) Prone to chemical corrosion: Since the product is exposed to the atmosphere, it has different degrees of corrosivity. For example, ferrous metals (steel or iron) are easier to rust than alloy metals. This feature of the product mainly affects the protection methods required for the product during transportation and storage, such as moisture-proof, rust-proof, waterproof, and mold-proof.
(6) Vulnerable to physical damage: During the transportation process, the product is mainly affected by two types of impact and vibration loads. What expresses this kind of property is the inherent fragility property of the product. It mainly affects the protection method, that is, whether it needs buffer packaging and the degree of protection that needs to be adopted.
(7) Vulnerability to external field forces: The external field forces mentioned here mainly refer to electrostatic stress, electromagnetic stress, magnetic field, and radioactive stress. This feature of the product will affect the protection method used, ie whether antistatic protection is required. And anti-electromagnetic protection and so on.
(8) Hazard: The hazard of the product is mainly reflected in flammability, explosiveness, toxicity, radioactivity, etc. It mainly affects the protection methods, protection grades, packaging marks, and some special provisions in the storage and transportation process.
(9) Load type: Structural strength applied from the contents to the transport packaging container The load types can be divided into 3 types: light load, medium load, and heavy load. The light load means that the product is stable in the packaging container, and the product that does not move will not occur; the medium load means the product that is placed in the packaging container that has the separator or grid by means of binding or positioning; the heavy load means that the product is not All panels on the shipping container provide adequate support and products that require high protection. This packaging property of the product has an effect on the anti-expansion level and how the package is fixed in the packaging container.
(10) Decomposition and composition: Whether the product has a decomposable combination has important effects on cleaning, reducing the package size, and facilitating transportation.
(11) Material compatibility: Material compatibility is reflected in the cleaning material, the inner wrapping material, the binding material, and the product itself. The surfaces of the products must be compatible with each other, and the protection problems caused by the packaging itself cannot occur.
(12) Economical: The product's own value has a great influence on the packaging, and it is rationally packaged according to the actual situation, neither "under-packing" nor "over-packaging".
2 The Necessity of Grouping Product Packaging Characteristics The so-called grouping is to group several things or features with the same attributes. The product packaging feature grouping is to extract and distinguish the key features of the above 12 basic characteristics according to the same points in one or more aspects of the packaging requirements. The grouping of package characteristics is mainly based on the need for generalization and standardization of packaging and application design and implementation.
2.1 The need for product packaging “two changes†refers to the generalization and standardization of product packaging. China has a limited number of existing packaging materials and packaging containers. There are more than 130 packaging materials and packaging containers with mature standards, while there are more than 1,000 in the United States. To improve the standardization and universalization of packaging, it is necessary to proceed from a million kinds of products and comprehensively, systematically, and in-depthly study the categories, connotations, impacts on packaging requirements, and combinations thereof of product packaging characteristics. Because it is not a certain characteristic that directly requires a specific protection method, but several characteristics comprehensively affect one or some aspects of packaging requirements. After a reasonable grouping of packaging characteristics, the products are sorted according to the characteristics of the packaging, so that products with the same or similar packaging characteristics have uniform packaging requirements, use the same packaging materials and packaging containers, etc., thereby greatly improving the degree of standardization and generalization of packaging.
2.2 Software Design and Implementation The "system" design and implementation require the use of information coding technology. There are three basic principles of information coding.
2.2.1 The principle of uniqueness Information code is the identifier of information and requires a unique code for the same kind of information, that is, a one-to-one correspondence between information and code. In this system, different product packaging characteristics have different requirements for packaging, so different packaging characteristic codes correspond to different packaging requirements. The above 12 kinds of product packaging characteristics if not grouped, different packaging characteristics may have the same packaging requirements, such as different shapes can also be the same packaging containers, so there are different codes for the same kind of packaging requirements.
2.2.2 Conciseness principle The more bits the code has, the higher the processing speed and storage requirements of the computer, and the longer the code, the easier it will be during the programming process. Therefore, the number of digits of the code should be reduced as much as possible without affecting the functions of the system and the system capacity.
2.2.3 Principle of extensibility The extensibility is one of the important characteristics of the coding system. It is catastrophic to modify the loss caused by the coding system because the code space does not adapt to the development of information. With the constant improvement of the packaging engineering theory and the continuous improvement of the standardization degree, it is necessary to consider the development space of the product packaging characteristics, and to leave enough spare code for the further improvement of the program and the upgrade of the software, if the original information code is too long, plus The backup code violates the "conciseness principle". Of course, the extensibility and simplicity are equivalent, and should be comprehensively considered in the specific coding.
3 Grouping and coding of product packaging characteristics As there is currently no research on the packaging characteristics of product packaging in the country, when doing this work, we mainly refer to the research ideas of the United States, from the surface materials of the products, product weight and size, and The product surface protection agent type is coded on the packaging characteristics, and the code is 4 bits, in which the material accounts for 2 bits, the weight size and the protection agent type each occupy 1 position. Due to the low degree of standardization in China, based on the national conditions, the packaging characteristics are divided into 4 groups: product material, precision, type and structure, and size and weight. Each group is assigned a 1-digit code and the code is coded with Combination of digital code. Specific classification as follows.
3.1 Product Material According to GJB 1653 "Electronic and electrical equipment, accessories and spare parts packaging specifications" in the impact of product materials on protection methods, the product surface material classification code shown in Table 1.
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
2. Prohibiting the use of contact-type preservatives means that the product does not require preservatives or the use of the product will damage the product.
3.2 Precision of products The degree of precision of products is mainly distinguished from the point of view of the products susceptible to physical damage, while the fragility is the key attribute to characterize the products susceptible to physical damage, and the precision of the products.
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