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Keywords: building materials packaging materials green packaging degradable plastics
1, the development process of building materials packaging
China's packaging industry started late. After the reform and development in the 1980s, the packaging industry received attention. At that time, the packaging of building materials was still at an early stage of development. Cement packaging has been used in paper bags that have been consistently manufactured for several decades. Paper quality is poor, and recycled paper is heavily contaminated. In the process of handling, cement bags are easily damaged, and cement leaks seriously. Not only caused huge economic losses, but also seriously polluted the environment. The flat glass also uses a traditional single-grate wooden box packaging form. Straw liners are used for manual loading and unloading. It is also easy to cause collision damage. With the continuous development of the country’s economy, the output of cement has been increasing year by year, and the supply of paper has been limited. Once there was a situation where building materials were extremely lacking in packaging materials. The "heavy product, light packaging" concept that has been formed over the years has seriously hampered the development of the building materials industry.
In response to these problems, the relevant state agencies reviewed the situation and formulated the guidelines for “a hundred flowers bloom, the best and the best.†China's building materials and packaging materials began to enter a stage of rapid development. In order to solve the shortage of cement packaging paper, there was a shortage of packaging paper for plastic textile bags. Plastic woven bag packaging materials and composite packaging materials emerged. Polyethylene and polypropylene materials were used to ease supply conflicts. For glass packaging, timely use of steel containers, and the use of containerized transport, effectively solve the problem of lack of timber. The state also revised the "cement paper bags" national standard and formulated the "national glass container rack" new national standard, and standardized the manufacture and production of building materials and ferroconcrete packaging materials. The supporting special machinery and equipment also gradually shaped and began specialized production.
The early plastic woven bags and composite bags were unreasonable in design, coupled with insufficient experience, and there were certain quality problems. After a period of trials and trials, some difficult-to-recycle composite bags were removed, and laminating bags were used instead. The paper bag was abolished by three plus one bags, and was incorporated into the revised national standard for cement bags. Glass containers have also gradually evolved from A-frames and L-frames to more advanced package-type, rail-type, etc. Glass wooden packaging has also evolved from old-fashioned wooden lattice boxes to modular wooden boxes and new-style lattice wooden boxes.
Nowadays, the development of building materials packaging materials has entered a stage of steady development and various packaging forms have emerged. There are three major categories of cement bags used in the market today; paper bags, laminated plastic woven bags and various composite bags. Paper bags include four-layer paper bag paper, three-layer extension paper and other small types, and various composite bags include paper-plastic composite bags, pre-stressed composite bags, and water-soluble yarn composite bags. In the glass packaging equipment, wooden boxes have a new style wooden box, modular wooden box; container rack has A type, L type, closed type, W type, package type, rail type and modular type.
2, the development trend of building materials packaging - green packaging
How to protect the environment and promote and safeguard the sustainable development of the social economy is an issue that China urgently needs to solve. To meet the needs of environmental protection, China's building materials packaging only take the road of green packaging, in order to comply with the trend and healthy development. The so-called green packaging refers to packaging materials that do not cause pollution to the ecological environment, do no harm to human health, and can be recycled and recycled. In fact, the current packaging of building materials is undoubtedly a key category that should focus on preventing and controlling pollution. Taking cement packaging as an example, the output of cement in China has reached more than 500 million tons. With bulk cement deducted, bags of cement need to use about 8 billion bags/year of bags. These bags are used once. The total amount of waste is up to With an annual capacity of 1.6 billion tons, it is envisaged that if these wastes cannot be recycled, the degree of pollution to the environment can be imagined. Although more than two-thirds of the bags are recyclable. Even so, there is still a considerable number of wastes that cannot be recycled or reused. As for the dust pollution produced by cement during the packaging process, it is still very serious. In view of this situation, in the forthcoming national standards for "Cement Bags", it is necessary to resolutely discard those types of bags that cannot recycle wastes and promote green packaging.
At present, the green packaging of building materials has made great strides both in technology and equipment. For example, from the development of traditional multi-layer paper bags, low stretch bottom bags have been developed to reduce packaging and save forest resources. Many companies have introduced mature products. Another example is the Poylon water-soluble yarn composite bag developed by Gansu Lanzhou Jinan New Technology Co., Ltd., which uses the Poiny fiber's characteristics of dissolving and certain temperature hot water before acetalization treatment, making the waste bag paper as the main raw material and using the pulp fiber. The chemical function of its own hydrogen bonding affinity, without any binder, enables the upper and lower pulps to be integrated with the webs in the paper machine, with good burst resistance, air permeability, heat resistance, moisture resistance and easy filling properties. , And the cost is low, the production process is not pulp, no acid and alkali waste discharge.
Before the green packaging began, with the continuous development of environmental protection technology, it is believed that more environmentally friendly packaging materials will come out.
3, degradable plastics used in building materials packaging
Degradable plastic is a new type of environmental protection material. It has equivalent or similar application performance and hygienic properties with similar ordinary plastics before use or during use, and can be used under natural environmental conditions after completion of its use function. It degrades more quickly into fragments or chips that are easily consumed by the environment and further degrades over time into substances that are completely harmless to the environment and eventually return to nature.
It has the following features:
(1) Usability: It has the same or similar application performance as ordinary plastics of the same kind:
(2) Degradability: After the function is completed, it can be degraded quickly under natural environmental conditions, becoming fragments or debris easily absorbed by the environment, and finally returning to nature;
(3) Safety: Residues produced and degraded in the degradation process are harmless to the natural environment or have no potential hazards;
(4) Economical: The price is equal to or slightly higher than that of ordinary plastics of the same type.
Degradable plastics, as high-tech products and environmentally-friendly products, are becoming the focus of research and development in the world today. Its development has not only expanded the function of plastics, but also alleviated the environmental contradictions to a certain extent, supplementing the increasingly depleted oil resources, and demonstrated the superiority of biotechnology and alloying technology in the field of plastic materials from synthetic technology. With bright prospects, the research, development and application of degradable plastics are of great significance both from the perspective of environmental protection of the Earth, from inexhaustible renewable resources, and from the academic point of view of the synthesis of functional polymers.
Therefore, because of its broad application prospects, degradable materials are developing rapidly and are gradually applied to various sectors of industry and agriculture.
Among the building materials and packaging materials, the use of plastic woven bags is a major undertaking in China. With its advantages of good strength and low price, it quickly takes up 2/3 of the market for cement packaging, and it has continued to expand. However, with the increase in the amount of plastic in building materials packaging, its environmental pollution has become increasingly apparent. The monofilament thickness of the woven bag is about 0.02mm, which is equivalent to the ultra-thin material bag. Although the plastic can be recycled, the actual situation in the building material industry determines that the recycling of waste plastic bags is not a technical issue, but Economic problems, so this problem is more difficult to solve. Every year, about 160,000 tons of plastic-plastic bags in China are discarded in nature, causing great harm to the environment. If biodegradable plastics are used instead of general plastics in building material packaging, the light, high-strength characteristics and degradability of ordinary plastics will be integrated, which not only meets the needs of actual production, but also greatly reduces environmental pollution after use. Degradable plastics used in building materials packaging have the following advantages:
(1) The biodegradable plastic woven bag adopts renewable resources or ore sources that are widely found on the earth, uses petrochemical resources in reduced quantities, and realizes resource reduction.
(2) The production technology of degradable plastics has matured, the production equipment is simple, and it can be mass-produced. When it is used to produce woven bags, its production process is not used as a big change, so it has greater competitive advantages and feasibility than other green packaging materials.
(3) The biodegradable plastic woven bag is used for building materials packaging, conforming to the development trend of green packaging. It is in full compliance with the newly revised national standards for the building materials packaging industry and is an environmentally friendly packaging material.
(4) Degradable plastics can also be used for laminating materials and liner bags. In this way, it is possible to avoid the problem that the paper and paper cannot be easily separated in the construction process and the construction operation is simplified.
Therefore, the application of biodegradable plastics in building materials packaging industry has a good application prospects, and many companies and research departments have begun relevant research. It can be predicted that in the short period of time, biodegradable plastic will be of great use in the building materials packaging industry.
4. Outlook
Combining the characteristics of biodegradable plastics and building material packaging materials, biodegradable plastics need to address the following issues:
(1) The controllability of the degradation time: The newly implemented "National Cement Standard" strictly stipulates the use time of cement. Therefore, the degradable plastic must be degraded under various application conditions both in formula design and production. Research to meet the actual needs of cement and other products.
(2) Performance: Degradable plastics used in the production of plastic bags need to solve the contradiction of moisture resistance and air permeability, otherwise it will cause dust pollution and measurement inaccurate, causing a series of problems.
(3) Degradable plastics must ensure certain strength and toughness so as not to cause damage during filling and handling.
(4) Degradable plastics Further research is needed on the choice of carrier resin, degradation methods, and production equipment.
5 Conclusion
(1) Green packaging is the development trend of building materials packaging materials.
(2) The use of biodegradable plastics in building materials packaging has a good competitive advantage and feasibility.
(China Packaging Technology Association Building Materials Committee Huang Jianguo) (Extracted from "China Packaging")
Abstract : This article reviews the development and current situation of building materials packaging materials, and proposes the possibility of using degradable plastics in building materials packaging, and looks forward to the development trend.
February 20, 2024