Research on Evaluation Process of Green Product Design Scheme

Abstract: This article introduces the concept, attributes, procedures, core ideas and principles of green product design, and combines green product evaluation criteria and evaluation indicators to study the evaluation process of green product design solutions, and proposes a one-time inspection and synthesis. Evaluation of the combined evaluation process, so that the summative evaluation and phase evaluation, diagnostic evaluation and dynamic optimization process organically combined to achieve the optimal design.

Keywords: green product design program evaluation index evaluation process Since the 1990s, the global industrial restructuring has shown a trend of green strategy. This green strategy is embodied in the conservation of resources, the effective use of energy and the protection of the environment, and puts forward the concepts and methods of green product design. Green product design has become a research hotspot and main content of modern design technology. According to studies, 70%-80% of product performance is determined by the design phase, and the cost of the design itself is only 10% of the total cost of the product. If environmental considerations are taken into account, the proportion will increase, because the design will cause environmental impact. The degree of damage is far greater than the impact on the ecological environment caused by the design process itself. Therefore, designing and designing products according to the characteristics of green products at the initial stage of design, ie, green design, and effective evaluation of the design of green products can ensure the final “green” characteristics of products.

In this paper, a multi-level closed-loop hierarchical evaluation system is applied in the design evaluation process, and a set of environmental indicators and qualification criteria are set on the evaluation process to form a one-time inspection and step-by-step hierarchy in the evaluation process (each phase, each The indicator layer) evaluation mechanism, the use of this mechanism is a new idea in the evaluation process of manufacturing green product design.

Green product attributes and their design overview Green product attributes

Green products are those that can meet user requirements and can be economically realized in their life cycle (raw material preparation, product planning, design, manufacturing, packaging and shipping, installation and maintenance, use, scrap recycling and reuse) Products that save resources and energy, minimise or eliminate environmental pollution, and have good protection for workers (producers and users).

The attributes of green products consist of basic attributes, environmental attributes, resource attributes, energy attributes, economic attributes, and social attributes of the product.

Basic attributes: It refers to the most basic performance parameters of a product determined according to the market and user needs, and mainly includes the product's functional indicators and quality indicators.

Environmental attributes: It is one of the main features of green products that differ from general products. The environmental attribute indicators include water environment indicators, atmospheric environmental indicators, soil pollution indicators, noise indicators, and solid waste indicators. Different products have different environmental attribute indicators.

Resource Attributes: The resources mentioned here are generalized resources, including material resources, equipment resources, information resources, and human resources. They are the most basic conditions for the production of green products. The material resource index is expressed by the product's material utilization rate, material type, etc. It reflects the effective utilization of material flow in product production; the equipment resource index includes equipment resource utilization, equipment resource optimization, etc. It is a measure of the rationality of green product production organization. The important aspects of sex; human resources indicators and information resources indicators reflect the company's personnel quality and sense of responsibility to society and users.

Energy attributes: Saving and making full use of energy are another major feature of green products. The reduction in energy use has saved resources and reduced environmental pollution from another side. The main indicators related to green products and energy are as follows: energy types used in product production and use; energy consumption in product production; energy consumption in product transportation, use, and recycling; and the proportion of renewable energy and green energy used in the product life cycle .

Economic attributes: The economics of manufacturing green products are product-oriented throughout the life cycle, and therefore have a distinct difference from traditional economic (cost) evaluations. The evaluation model also reflects all the characteristics of the life cycle. The cost of green products consists of production costs, user costs, and social costs. Traditional production costs include product material costs, tool and equipment costs, labor costs, and management costs. User costs refer to the costs incurred by users in the use phase, including energy costs and maintenance costs used by users; social costs. Refers to the social burden of the cost of this product, such as product disposal costs, environmental governance costs.

Social property: refers to the fact that green products must meet the needs of social development in addition to satisfying the requirements of the above indicators. Because many products are related to culture, ethics, human relations, social stability and social progress, social attributes should also be an important factor that cannot be ignored in the evaluation of green products.

Green Design Overview

Green Design, also known as “eco-design,” is a design process that takes environmental resources as a core concept, and refers to the full consideration of the impact on resources and the environment in the design of the product and its entire life cycle. While optimizing the function, quality, development cycle and cost of the product, all relevant design factors are optimized, and environmental design goals such as detachability, recyclability, maintainability, and reusability are achieved, so that the product and its manufacturing process are environmentally friendly. The overall impact is minimized and the efficiency of resource utilization is highest.
The content of the green design includes a wide range of content, including green design modeling; material selection and management for green design; design for resource optimization and utilization; energy-saving design; product detachability design; product recyclability design Green product cost analysis; green design database; product green packaging design. Different industries, different products, green design content and focus is not the same.

The green design process The green design process is similar to the traditional design process, including requirements analysis, concept design, preliminary program review, detailed design, design review, and program improvement. Only more specific content, such as the evaluation of the design plan requires the use of life cycle assessment methods for environmental evaluation.

The core ideas of green design There are three main ideas of green design: the idea of ​​the whole life cycle, the idea of ​​concurrent engineering, and the idea of ​​information integration.

Product life cycle thinking: Green product design focuses on the entire product life cycle process, not just a certain stage, a certain link or a certain department, requires designers to form the product from product concept to product life cycle of the entire product, are We must consider the coordination of the environment, technology and economy.

The idea of ​​concurrent engineering: Product developers are required to consider the factors at each stage of the product's lifecycle from the very beginning of design. Concurrent engineering emphasizes the collaborative work of various departments of enterprises and establishes an effective information exchange and communication mechanism among decision makers. The problems that may arise in the subsequent steps are discovered in the early stages of product design and can be resolved. The purpose is to make the product have good manufacturability, assembly, maintainability, recyclability, etc. at the design stage, minimize design iterations, and shorten design, production preparation, and manufacturing time.

The idea of ​​information integration: In the entire life cycle of a product, a large amount of information and data will be generated. This information can be divided into three major categories: technical data, economic data, and environmental data. To design truly green products that are technologically advanced, economically reasonable, and environmentally friendly, we must integrate this information.

Objectives and Criteria for the Evaluation of Green Product Design Schemes The evaluation of green product design schemes is based on the concept of sustainable development, environmental ethics, environmental awareness design and environmental protection competition theory. Environmental protection and “environmental issues” are incorporated into the design of products and their solutions. In the evaluation, it is internalized and cored. The evaluation must have purpose, but the evaluation itself is not an end. The ultimate goal of the evaluation is to make decisions. The evaluation of green product design plans is to provide decision-making basis, improvement direction and useful improvement information for the green design of products, and to seek the optimal product design solutions that are satisfied by users, enterprises, environment, and society.

The best use of resources criteria: First, in the selection of resources, we should proceed from the concept of sustainable development, consider the regenerative capacity of resources and cross-time allocation problems, use renewable resources as much as possible; the second is to ensure that the design is used as much as possible Resources are used to the fullest extent throughout the product's life cycle.
The minimum energy consumption criteria: First, clean energy and renewable primary energy, such as solar energy and wind energy, should be used as far as possible when selecting energy types. This can effectively alleviate the energy crisis. Second, it strives to design the energy cycle of the entire product life cycle. Minimize consumption and reduce energy waste.

"Zero Pollution" Criterion: Green design should completely abandon the traditional "pollution, post-treatment" end of the way to manage the environment, and to implement the "prevention-based, governance-assisted" environmental protection strategy.
"Zero damage" criteria: That is to ensure that products have good protection functions for workers (producers and users) during the life cycle. In terms of design, we must consider not only the product manufacturing and use environment, but also the quality and reliability of the product. How to ensure the safety of producers and users, but also to make products comply with the principles of ergonomics and aesthetics, so as not to cause harm to people's physical and mental health.

Advanced Technology Guidelines: Green design requires products that are designed to be “green”, require the use of the most advanced technologies, and require designers to be creative so that products have the best market competitiveness.

The best guidelines for ecological and economic benefits: Green design must not only consider the economic benefits created by the product, but also consider the impact of the environmental behavior of the product on the ecological environment and society from the point of view of sustainable development. The loss of environmental and ecological benefits and social benefits.
Customer Satisfaction Criterion: The purpose of production is to meet the needs of users. Products must have a market and have a certain market advantage, meet the requirements of qualified indicators, and strive to obtain satisfactory solutions for enterprises, users, society, and the environment.

Green product design evaluation index system The formulation of product life cycle evaluation index system must follow the scientific and practical, complete and operability, incompatibility and system, qualitative and quantitative indicators, dynamic indicators and static indicators. The principle of unity, its evaluation index consists of the basic attributes of products, environmental attributes, resource attributes, energy attributes, economic attributes and social attributes. Specific indicators are shown in Table 1.

Green product design program evaluation process With the deepening of research, research on green design evaluation methods is also constantly appearing, but these methods are mostly comprehensive evaluation methods, and there is not much research on the evaluation process. This paper proposes a combination of one-time testing and comprehensive evaluation, which can effectively solve a certain level that has a decisive role in the comprehensive evaluation process and results processing of green design, but this method does not have much impact on the evaluation results. problem.

Several major stages of the evaluation process:

One-time inspection stage

User needs analysis: With the growing awareness of the social environment, more and more consumers are more inclined to use green products. Under the influence of this trend, whether it is a general product or a green product, it is ultimately necessary to meet the market demand. Therefore, in the process of conducting one-time inspection, we must first examine whether there is a market and whether it can meet the needs of end consumers.

Government intervention: Governments of different countries will formulate some mandatory standards in accordance with their own laws and regulations and certain specific ecological environment, resource consumption, environmental pollution, and social conditions. The relevant government regulations must be taken into consideration in one-time inspections.

Standards: Formulate international corporate environmental standards. In September 1996, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) introduced the IS014000 series of corporate environmental management standards, which set clear standards and specifications for the company's activities, product and service environmental behaviors, and carried out certification of corporate environmental standards. The companies that obtained the certification will It is an important symbol for a company to have market share and market competitiveness, and it should also consider