Ultrasonic is an elastic mechanical wave in a matter medium, which is a form of wave, so it can be used to detect physiological and pathological information of the human body, and to diagnose ultrasound. At the same time, it is a form of energy. When a certain dose of ultrasound is transmitted through the body, the interaction between them can cause changes in the function and structure of the organism, that is, the ultrasonic biological effect. The effects of ultrasound on cells are mainly thermal effects, cavitation effects and mechanical effects. The thermal effect is that when the ultrasound propagates through the medium, the friction hinders the molecular vibration caused by the ultrasound, converting part of the energy into local high heat (42-43 ° C), because the critical lethal temperature of normal tissue is 45.7 ° C, and the tumor tissue ratio Normal tissue sensitivity is high, so at this temperature, the metabolism of tumor cells is impaired, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis are affected, thereby killing cancer cells and normal tissues are not affected. The cavitation effect is that under the irradiation of ultrasound, vacuoles are formed in the living body, and mechanical shear pressure and turbulence are generated along with the vibration of the vacuole and its violent explosion, which causes the tumor to hemorrhage and the tissue to collapse and cause necrosis. In addition, when the cavitation bubble bursts, it generates instantaneous high temperature (about 5000 ° C) and high pressure (up to 500 × 104 Pa), which can thermally dissociate the water vapor to produce .OH radicals and .H atoms, which are composed of .OH radicals and .H. Atomic induced redox reactions can lead to polymer degradation, enzyme inactivation, lipid peroxidation, and cell killing. The mechanical effect is the primary effect of ultrasound. During the propagation process, the medium particles alternately compress and stretch to form a pressure change, causing damage to the cell structure. The intensity of killing is closely related to the frequency and intensity of ultrasound.
Cell disruption technology refers to the technique of destroying cell membranes and cell walls by external force, and releasing the contents of cells including the target product components, and is the basis for separating and purifying non-secretory biochemical substances (products) synthesized in cells. Combined with significant advances in recombinant DNA technology and tissue culture technology, proteins can be produced on a large scale.
Principle and technology:
The high-pressure homogenizer consists of a high-pressure piston pump and a homogenizing valve of special structure. The material to be treated enters the valve group with adjustable pressure under the high pressure condition caused by the plunger. The material after the pressure loss can be Adjust the current-limiting slit to eject at a very high flow rate (1000 m / s, up to 1500 m / s), hitting the impact ring of one of the valve assemblies
Coke effect:
The material compressed by the plunger accumulates extremely high energy, and instantaneously loses pressure when the current limiting gap can be adjusted, causing high energy release to cause hole explosion, resulting in strong pulverization and refinement of the material. (mainly used for homogenization)
Impact effect:
The material that can be adjusted by the restriction slit hits the impact ring made of a special material at the above-mentioned extremely high speed, causing the material to be pulverized. (mainly used for cell disruption)
Shear effect:
Shearing effects occur when high velocity material passes through the pump chamber channel and the valve port slit. The material treated by the three effects can be uniformly refined to a particle size of 0.03 μm to 2 μm. (mainly used for emulsification)

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May 02, 2021